Nubians
Kush
· Remain for 500 years
· Learned to worship Amon-Re
· Changed Egyptian Hieroglyphics to their own language.
1160 B.C Egypts power Declined
· Kushites won back Independence
· New Capital Napata
· Napata sent caravans to Egypt to trade
750 B.C - Kushite King Kashata conquered Egypt
· Led people and cavalry, conquered some territory
· Son Piankhi complete conquest
· Created a dynasty which ruled for 70 years.
600s B.C Assyrians conquered Egypt forcing Kushites South.
· Kushites learned secrets of Iron Smelting from Assyrians
· Made iron hoes, knives, and spears traded with Arabia, India, and China. Great trading nation.
540 B.C Moved capital to Meroe
· Meroe was on the Nile Ricer, Great trading avenue and transportation
· Large Iron deposits, good grazing land
· Alt Meroe, great temples worshipped Amon Re
· Sandstone palace and houses of red bricks
· Walls covered with painting, tiled with the colors blue and yellow
· Small pyramids stood in royal cemetery.
· Slag- Waste burnt for smelting
Kush remained a great trading country for 600 years
· Power declined. Aksumites took it place
350 B.C Meroe burned to the ground by the Aksumite army
Aksumites
· Trading Country - Red Sea Ports
· Imported silks, spices, and elephants from India
· Exported gold, ivory, and enslaved slaves.
· Jewish, Greeks and Arabs settled in Aksum
324 A.D Emperor Ezana accepted Christianity after destroying Meroe.
· Aksum developed writing system
· Arabs brought in the religion Islam
· Learned to farm on terraces, raised level of land
· Minted gold coins and built stone monuments 60 feet, 18 meter tall
600s A.D Arab armies swept across North Africa
· Aksumites retreated toward the interior, inland
· Isolation for more than 1000 years
Kushites
Who? Kushites [Kush] Nomadic, move around, cattle herders
Where? South of Egypt
- Present day Sudan
- On the Nile River African South of Sahara
When? Circa 2000 B.C - history began as nomadic cattle herders
- 1160 B.C New Kingdom of Egypt ruled Kush.
What? Farmers, traders, iron smelting, nomadic herders
Influence Assyrians impact learning iron smelting
- Egypt god, copper and bronze, hieroglyphics, copied pyramids, temples, military strategies
Why? Good for trade and transportation
- near deposits of iron ore and trees to fuel smelting furnaces
Contributions / Innovation
- Writing system - Traded with other countries
- Iron Smelting - Blue and yellow tiles
- Pyramids royal cemetery - architecture
- Copper and Bronze - Farmed
- Cities / military strategies
|
General Info
- Nubia - An advanced culture - 8000 years ago or 6000B.C - Grow and Gain ↓ - Weak and Die Out - Egyptians called Nubia Ta Sety - The land of the bow - Nubians good for archers - Three of more powerful kingdoms grew from Kerma Meroe and Napata
|
Kerma
- Kerma grew when Egypt was weak. - From the third cataract, expanded into parts of Southern Egypt 1600 B.C - Noted for good artisans - Pottery were highly prized / Found in pharaoh tombs - WEALTHY Kingdom - Placed Kings on gold covered beds surrounded with jewelry, gold, and ivory - Mid-late 1400s B.C - Tutmose III sent army to Nubia - War lasted for 50 years - Egyptians ruled for 700 years - South to Fourth Cataract - Artisans skilled workers - Pottery People - Tumulus King buried in mounds of dirt 3 football fields long
|
Napata
Late 700s B.C - Egypt weak again → divided - Centered near fourth cataract of the Nile River - Napatan king conquered most of Egypt - moved capital to Thebes then Memphis - Time of Taharka, controlled all of Egypt - Egypts twenty-fifth Dynasty were Nubians - Followed Egyptian Culture 660 B.C - Never controlled Egypt again - Forced back to Nubia |
Meroe Kush
- Royal Court in Meroe - On the Nile between Fifth and Sixth cataracts - Rocky deserts east of Meroe held large deposits of Iron Ore. - Meroe became the first Africans to specialize in ironworking - Allowed to control trade routes all the way to the Red Sea with Iron weapons. - Rich on its trade Central Africa → India, Arabian Peninsula, and Rome - Created its own system of hieroglyphic writing. - Weakened in 200s A.D - features of Nubian culture lasted 3,500 years. - Nubian styles of pottery, furniture, jewelry, beautiful braided hairstyle and clothing survive now in the people of Sudan. |
|
Egypt
- Invented Shadoof - Had Calendars - Army Expansion - Rosetta Stone - Embalming Book of the Dead - Medicine - Lived near Delta - Chariots - Irrigation Canal - Dikes and Levy - Math Geometry - Survey land - Based on the number ten - Agrarian farmers - Papyrus Ink - 3 main period of time - Raised flax, wheat, and grapes ↓ clothing ↓ linen - Cities became center of religion.
|
Same
- Live near Nile River in Africa - Iron Weapons - Went for Power - Capital at Memphis and Thebes - Pharaohs Kings - Hieroglyphics - Built pyramids - Religion - Copper and Bronze - Army - Grew Rich on Trade - Cataracts - Polytheistic - Believed Amon Re - Writing - Both leader had absolute power - Had Artisans - Woman Rulers - Nile for Transportation |
Nubia
- Noted for Pottery and Artisans - First Africans to specialize in Iron Smelting. - Styled jewelry and pottery - Skilled Archer - Capitals - Meroe - Napata - Kerma - Nomadic cattle herders - Had Rocky Desert filled with Iron Ore - Place King on gold covered beds when died - Buried Lings in high mounds of dirt
|